Passé composé - Pronominal
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20C |
Passé composé – pronominal |
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20C.1 Pronominal essentiel – (Passé composé)Sujet + (me-m', te-t', se-s', nous, vous, se-s') + (suis, es, est, sommes, êtes, sont) + verbe principal (p.p.)(e.s.es) (Note: With "essential" pronominal verbs – when done in compound tenses, as in this case – the participe passé (p.p.) agrees in gender and in number with the subject.) |
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20C.1 Examples:
Example 1 (masculin / féminin singulier)
Le musicien s'est souvenu de toute la mélodie. – Il s'est souvenu de toute la mélodie. La musicienne s'est souvenue detoute la mélodie. – Elle s'est souvenue de toute la mélodie. The (male/female) musician did remember the whole melody. The (male/female) musician has remembered the whole melody. The (male/female) musician remembered the whole melody.
Example 2 (masculin singulier)
Le garçon s'est absenté. – Il s'est absenté. The boy has been absent. – He has been absent. The boy was absent. – He was absent. (but not routinely)
Example 3 (féminin singulier)
La fille s'est absentée. – Elle s'est absentée. The girl has been absent. – She has been absent. The girl was absent. – She was absent. (but not routinely) |
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20C.2 Pronominal à sens idiomatique – (Passé composé)Sujet + (me-m', te-t', se-s', nous, vous, se-s') + (suis, es, est, sommes, êtes, sont) + verbe principal (p.p.)(e.s.es) (Note: With "idiomatic" pronominal verbs in compound tenses, as in this case , the participe passé (p.p.) agrees in gender and in number with the subject.) (Exceptions – the participe passé (p.p.) of s'imaginer, se plaire, se rendre compte, and se rire do not agree with anything else. They keep their basic spelling.) |
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20C.2 Examples:
Example 1 (masculin singulier)
Le directeur s'est trompé. – Il s'est trompé. The (male) director/principal did make a mistake. – He did make a mistake. (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) The (male) director/principal has made a mistake. – He has made a mistake. The (male) director/principal made a mistake. – He made a mistake.
Example 2 (féminin singulier)
La directrice s'est trompée. – Elle s'est trompée. The (female) director/principal did make a mistake. – She did make a mistake. (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) The (female) director/principal has made a mistake. – She has made a mistake. The (female) director/principal made a mistake. – She made a mistake. (but not routinely) |
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20C.3 Pronominal réfléchi direct – (Passé composé)Sujet + (me-m', te-t', se-s', nous, vous, se-s', – objet direct du verbe principal) + (suis, es, est, sommes, êtes, sont) + verbe principal (p.p.)(e.s.es) (Note: When the reflexive pronoun is also the direct object (of the participe passé (p.p.) of the main verb, as in this case) and it precedes the p.p., the p.p. agrees in gender and in number with that reflexive pronoun.) |
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20C.3 Examples:
Example 1 (masculin singulier)
Le joueur s'est préparé. – Il s'est préparé. The (male) player did prepare himself. – He did prepare himself. (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) The (male) player has prepared himself. – He has prepared himself. The (male) player prepared himself. – He prepared himself. (but not routinely)
Example 2 (féminin singulier)
La joueuse s'est préparée. – Elle s'est préparée. The (female) player did prepare herself. – She did prepare herself. (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) The (female) player has prepared herself. – She has prepared herself. The (female) player prepared herself. – She prepared herself. (but not routinely) |
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20C.4 Pronominal réfléchi indirect – (Passé composé)Sujet + (me-m', te-t', se-s', nous, vous, se-s', – objet indirect du verbe principal) + (suis, es, est, sommes, êtes, sont) + verbe principal (p.p.) (Note: The participe passé (p.p.) never agrees with an indirect object.) |
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20C.4 Examples:
Example 1 (masculin singulier)
Le père s'est écrit une note. – Il s'est écrit une note. The father did write a note to himself. – He did write a note to himself. (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) The father did write himself a note. – He did write himself a note. (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) The father has written a note to himself. – He has written a note to himself. The father has written himself a note. – He has written himself a note. The father wrote a note to himself. – He wrote a note to himself. (but not routinely) The father wrote himself a note. – He wrote himself a note. (but not routinely)
Example 2 (féminin singulier)
La mère s'est écrit une note. - Elle s'est écrit une note. The mother did write a note to herself. – She did write a note to herself. (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) The mother did write herself a note. – She did write herself a note. (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) The mother has written a note to herself. – She has written a note to herself. The mother has written herself a note. – She has written herself a note. The mother wrote a note to herself. – She wrote a note to herself. (but not routinely) The mother wrote herself a note. – She wrote herself a note. (but not routinely) |
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20C.5 Pronominal réciproque direct – (Passé composé)Sujet (pluriel) + (nous, vous, se) + (sommes, êtes, sont) + verbe principal (p.p.)(e.s.es) (Note: When the reflexive pronoun is also the direct object (of the participe passé (p.p.) of the main verb, as in this case) and it precedes the p.p., the p.p. agrees in gender and in number with that reflexive pronoun.) |
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20C.5 Examples:
Example 1 (masculin pluriel)
Les deux frères se sont appelés au téléphone. – Ils se sont appelés au téléphone. The two brothers did call each other on the phone. – They did call each other on the phone. (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) The two brothers have called each other on the phone. – They have called each other on the phone. The two brothers called each other on the phone. – They called each other on the phone. (but not routinely)
Example 2 (féminin pluriel)
Les deux soeurs se sont appelées au téléphone. – Elles se sont appelées au téléphone. The two sisters did call each other on the phone. – They did call each other on the phone. (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) The two sisters have called each other on the phone. – They have called each other on the phone. The two sisters called each other on the phone. – They called each other on the phone. (but not routinely) |
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20C.6 Pronominal réciproque indirect – (Passé composé)Sujet (pluriel) + (nous, vous, se, – objet indirect du verbe principal) + (sommes, êtes, sont) + verbe principal (p.p.) (Note: The participe passé (p.p.) never agrees with an indirect object.) |
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20C.6 Examples:
Example 1 (masculin pluriel)
Les deux frères se sont téléphoné. – Ils se sont téléphoné. The two brothers did phone each other. – They did phone each other. (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) The two brothers have phoned each other . – They have phoned each other. The two brothers phoned each other. – They phoned each other. (but not routinely)
Example 2 (féminin pluriel)
Les deux soeurs se sont téléphoné. – Elles se sont téléphoné. The two sisters did phone each other. – They did phone each other. (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) The two sisters have phoned each other. – They have phoned each other. The two sisters phoned each other. – They phoned each other. (but not routinely) |
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20C.7 Pronominal passif – (Passé composé)Sujet (nom ou pronom, inanimé, objet direct du verbe principal) + se-s' + (est, sont) + verbe principal (p.p.)(e.s.es) (Note: When using the "Pronominal passif (direct)" format, the reflexive pronoun is also the direct object (of the participe passé (p.p.) of the main verb) and it also precedes the p.p., so the p.p. agrees in gender and in number with that direct-object reflexive pronoun – ie. with the subject.) |
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20C.7 Examples:
Example 1 (masculin singulier)
Le match de hockey s'est joué à l'aréna. – Il s'est joué à l'aréna. The hockey match did get played at the arena. – It did get played at the arena. (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) The hockey match got played at the arena. – It got played at the arena. (but not routinely) The hockey match has been played at the arena. – It has been played at the arena. The hockey match has gotten played at the arena. – It has gotten played at the arena. The hockey match was played at the arena. – It was played at the arena. (but not routinely)
Example 2 (féminin singulier)
La partie de hockey s'est jouée à l'aréna. – Elle s'est jouée à l'aréna. The hockey game did get played at the arena. – It did get played at the arena. (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) The hockey game got played at the arena. – It got played at the arena. (but not routinely) The hockey game has been played at the arena. – It has been played at the arena. The hockey game has gotten played at the arena. – It has gotten played at the arena. The hockey game was played at the arena. – It was played at the arena. (but not routinely) |
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20C.8 Pronominal impersonnel (passif) – (Passé composé)Il (sens impersonnel) + s' + est + verbe principal (p.p.) + objet direct du verbe principal (Note: When using the "Pronominal impersonnel" format, the participe passé (p.p.) agrees in gender and in number with the subject, which is always " il " – masculine singular.) |
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20C.8 Examples:
Example 1 (masculin singulier)
Il s'est dit bien des choses au sujet de cette nouvelle politique! Many things did get said about this new policy! (but not routinely) (for emphasis, negative, or asking a question) Many things got said about this new policy! Many things have been said about this new policy! Many things have gotten said about this new policy! Many things were said about this new policy! (but not routinely) |